Perforation washing apparatus



April 20, 1954 A. A. BAKER PERFORATION WASHING APPARATUS 3vSheets-Sheer, l

Filed June 28, 1948 s sheets-sheet 2 April 20, 1954 vA. A. BAKERPERFORATION WASHING APPARATUS Filed June 28, 1948' IN VEN TOR.

,4A/@0N ,4. 5A/fie April 20, 1954 A. A. BAKER PERFORATION WASHINGAPPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 28, 1948 JNVENToR. HARO/v A.A/rE/Q Ja/EMM Patented Apr. 20, 1954 PERORATION WASHING APPARATUS kAaronA. Baker,- Coalinga, Calif., assigner to v Baker OlTools,v Inc., Vernon,Calif., a corpo;-

ration of California Application Jene 2s, 1948, serial No. 35,677 fforming these operationsy with a `single trip'into the conduit string,thereby effecting substantial savings in time and expense. I

Another object of the invention is to provide a washer and wellpackercapable of being runr in a perforated conduit string ona'singletstring of tubing; the act of disconnecting the tubing stringfrom the wellA packer, after' the latter hasbeen set inthe conduitstring,A also renderingl the washer.' eifective for performing itscleaning function. f

A further object of the invention is to provide a perforation washeradapted to be loweredV in the casing or similar conduit string, andhaving a fluid by-pass that canbe opened or closed in vresponse torotation of a tubingv string to which the washer is attached.

Y'rz claims. (o1. 16e-2o) Still another object of the invention is toprovide a perforation washer having a fluid by-pass vwhich can beselectively opened or closed, and

which is automatically opened upon elevating the washer within a conduitstring. f

This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objectswhich may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of severalforms in which it maybe embodied.

Such forms are shown in the drawings accompanying and forming part ofthe present specifi# cation. These forms will now be described indetail, illustrating thevgeneral principles of the invention; but it isto be understood that such detailed description is not to be taken in alimting sense, since the scope of the invention is best dened by theappended claims. f. Referring to the drawings: Y Figure l is a sideelevation of the perforation washer and well packer apparatus'disposedin a perforated string of casing;

Figs. 2 and 2a are longitudinal sections, partly in elevation, of theperforation .washer-and circulationV valve, with their parts disposedvin one relative position, Fig. 2a lforming a `lower continuation ofFig.2;

Figs. 3V and 3a form a combined longitudinal sectional andy elevationalview of the apparatus,

with the parts in position'for washingthe casing perforations, Fig.3aforming, a lower continua- .tionofFig.3; f Y.,

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are cross-sections taken-along the lines 4-4, 5 5 and6--6', respectively, of Fig. 2; and Y Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectionof a modined form of by-pass valve mechanism. t Y

-The `apparatus disclosed in the drawings is adapted to be Arunin awellcasing A, or similar conduit string, on afstring B of tubing, drillpipe, or the like, extending to the top of the welLbore. The apparatusincludes fa perforation-washer C at its'lupper portion in the form of awell packer. an intermediate circulation valve or joint D attached tothe lower end of the washer and a well packer E secured to the lowerfendof the circulationfjoint. f L l A It is desired to anchorthe well packerE in packed-off condition 'within-the well casing A below-Y itsperforations I0,` and then wash the perforations by pumpngwashing uiddown the tubing string B for 'outward passage through the perforationsI0 'below the washer C to the ex'- terior of the casing string, thewashing fluid then passing back into the-easing string throughy theperforations above the -washer- C, for upward iiowing to the top of thewell bore.-

The well packerlmay be of lany.'suitablevform and. type, the onedisclosed in the drawing' being specifically described in United StatesPatent No. 2,121,051.v Essentially, `it c'onsists'of, a tubular AbodyV-I |-having" upper and lower expanders l2, I3 thereon; andi anintervening y rubber packing sleeve I4. The upper expander cooperateswith 'upper segmental slips" I5,to prevent upward movement of the packerinY the well casing; while the lowerv expander' cooperates-with lowersegmental slips IG, 5to prevent downward'movenent of the-V` packer inthecasing, The intervening Vpacking sleeve Mis adapted to be'foreshortenedand expanded outwardly-into leak-proof engagement withthefcasing wall.AFurther details of the packer E arefun'necessary toan understandingofthe `-present invention, and "maybe found in thepatent above'referredto; When set inthe vcasing as a bridging plug, the central passagethrough thepa-cker bodyis 'pluggedg i VThe circulation valve or joint Dis' attached to the packer body lli through .the agency ofiasub .I1havinga left hand male thread 1I 8V mating with a companion thread' (notshown) in-the packer body I I, in a known manner. r,Thesub is secureddto a lowerfc112111ation joint tubular mandrel:l I9 itelescopedwithinan"f iuterbarrclv 2 0. Thebarrel has a lower.V 'cylindrcalfvalva Seat.2-,i .se.11.rged to it. in which: miniem@ yLSnlined .'stonmemher {22A/1sthreaded; ,This magenta-,is@wearable with. 'e heslpi. 95.1 en@ .gf .tramandrel I9, the head carrying a suitable seal ring 24 adapted to engagewithin the seat 2I and prevent passage of fluid between the interior andexterior of the circulation valve through the annular space between themandrel I9 and splined stop member 22.

The mandrel has longitudinally extending splines 25 cooper-able withinternal splines 26 on the stop member, in order to transmit therotation of the barrel 20 to the mandrel I9, in effecting unscrewing ofthe sub I8 from the packer body I I after the packer has been set in thewell casing.

The upper end of the circulation-valve barrel 20 is threadedly, orotherwise attached, to the lower end of a tubular inner body or mandrel21 forming part of the perforation washer or well packer C. The upperend of this mandrel `21 is attached to the lower end of the running-instring B, which extends to the top'of the well bore. mandrel has atubular outer body Y28 threadedly attached to its upper portion, andheld thereon by a suitable lock nut 29 threaded on the inner body 21 andclamped against the outer body.

The bodies are spaced from each other to vform an annular by-passpassage 39 having ports 3| opening outwardly through the outer body 23.

The well packer C includes a downwardly vfacing rubber `packing 32, orswab cup, which is mounted on the outer body 28 below its ports 3 I andis adapted to slidably seal with the wall or the well casing A. The base33 of the packing engages the end of a flared sleeve 34 secured to thelower end of the outer body 28 by suitable welding material 35. Thesleeve 34 extends downwardly in spaced relation with respect to atapered flange 36 on the inner mandrel 21, to form a continuation of theby-pass passage 30. The spaced relation between the flared sleeve 34 andflange 36 may be maintained by welding a spider 31, or spaced lugs,between the two elements. The upper end of the packing cup 32 engages athimble 38 abutting a clamp nut 3-9 threaded on the outer body 28, whichis prevented from loosening by a suitable lock nut 40.

It is apparent that the by-pass 30 between the tion. The companion valvestructure 42 includes an annular valve head or ring 43 secured to adepending sleeve 44 by headless s crews 45, and having an annular valvesealing element 46 attached to its upper end by screws 41. This an-.nular valve sealing element is engageable with the valve seat 4I toclose the by-pass passage.

Movement of the valve head 43 and its seal 46 toward the valve seat 4Iis determined by a drag device 48, and is responsive to rotation of thetubing string B and-valve body..21. The upper end of the drag deviceconsists vof aco1lar r49 slidable on the dependingsleeve 44 and adapted`to rest upon a lower Vsleeve flange 50. y Theupper ends ofcircumferentially spaced, :outwardly bowed springs 5I lare )secured tothe fcollar by an .encompassing ring 52 and screws V53 .passing throughthe ring andthreaded into the collar. 'The bowed springs drag-frictionally along`V the wall of the casing string A, with theirlowerends secured toa rlower internally threaded'collaril The iii)

by means of an encompassing ring 55 and screws 56. This lower sleeve isin threaded engagement with an inner sleeve 51 disposed on the mandrel21 and prevented from moving longitudinally thereof by upper and lowersnap rings 56 engaging its upper and lower ends and received withinexternal grooves 59 in the mandrel. This sleeve is non-rotatably held onthe mandrel by a key 60 in the mandrel extending into a keyway 6I in thesleeve.

The valve head 43 is urged toward its companion seat 4I Vby a helicalspring 52 disposed around the mandrel, with its upper1 end engaging thedependingsleeve 44 and with its lower end bearing upon a spring seat orspacer sleeve 63 resting upon the inner threaded sleeve 51. The springis compressed and is initially prevented from moving the head 43 intoengagement with the valve seat 4l by virtue of the engagement of thesleeve flange 50 with the lower end of the upper drag collar 49. Thedrag collar i9 oc-y cupies an initial lower position because of the factthat the lower drag collar 54 is initially assembled so as to bedisposed on the lower threaded portion of the inner sleeve 51. It is tobe noted, however, that theA valve head 43, although its upwardmovementis limited by engagement of the`sleeve flange 58 with the uppercollar 49, can move downwardly with respect to the latter member,because of the clearance space existing between the lower end of thehead 43 and the upper end of the collar 49. y

The apparatus is lowered in the perforated well casing A on the end ofthe tubular string B,` with the lower drag collar 54 mounted on thelower end of the inner sleeve 51, which causes the upper collar 49 tohold the valve in open position, as disclosed in Fig. 2. The circulationjoint D is attached to the washer mandrel 21, which is, in turn, securedto the well packer E through the agency of the left hand threadedtubular sub I1. The slips I5, I6 and packing sleeve I4 of the packer arein retracted positions.

The apparatus is lowered through the well casing A until the packer E isldisposed below the perforated portion of thecasing string, whereuponthe slips I5 and packing I6 are expanded .outwardly against the casingin a known manner, described in the. aforesaid United States patent, toform a bridge or plug in the well casing preventing downward passage offluid. During llowering movement of the apparatus through the wellcasing, its downward passage is not prevented by any fluid therein,since such iluid can move around the rubber packing cup 32 by owingthrough the open by-pass 36.

After the packer is anchored in the casing, the tubing string B isrotated to the right to effect Idisconnection of the left hand threadedsub Il from the packer body I I. The rotation of the tubing string B istransmitted to the sub il through the washer mandrel or body 21, outercirculation valve barrel 29, cooperable splines 26, 25 and mandrel I9,the telescopic circulation valve allowing the threaded disconnection tooccur readily vsince the unthreading action merely elevates the mandrelI'Gwithin the barrel without any of the load of the running-in string orperforation washer being imposed on the left hand threads I8.

During this 'rotation of the washer mandrel 21in electing disconnectionoi' the sub Il from the packerbody Il, the inner threaded sleeve 51isalso rotated within'the lower collar 54, the latter being preventedfrom rotating the irictionall engagement .of the outwardly Ubowedsprings 5l with the casing wall. Sincer vthe threaded connection betweenthe inner sleeve 51 andthe lower collar 54 is a right hand thread, the,rotation of the mandrel 21 to the right, or clockwise, will effectrelative upward threading of the lower collar 54 on the inner sleeve 51,and

will correspondingly shift the upper drag collar` 49.toward the valveseat 4l, allowing the spring` 62 to engage the valve head seal 46 withthe seat 4I and close the by-pass 3U against upward flow of fluid (Fig.3). The motion just referred to is a relative one. As a matter of fact,the drag device 48 and its collars 49, 54 may remain stationary, therotating of the tubular mandrel 21 allowing the tubing string B andinner and outer bodies 21, 28* to be lowereda suflcient distancerelative to the drag device 48 to move the valve seat 4l into engagementwith the vvalve head seal 45. The threaded connection between the innersleeve 51 and lower collar 54 may be considered as a form of axial cameffecting axial movement of the collar 54 upon rotation of the sleeve51. i g Withl the passage 3U closed against vupward ow of Huid, thecasing perforations I0 can now be washed. The tubing string B is loweredto locate the swab cup 32 immediately above a lowermost perforatedcasingregion, and washing fluid pumped down thetubing string for outwardpassage through the circulation valve D or left hand sub lI1, this fluidthen flowing through the perforated casing portions below the packingcup into the annulus around the casing string. Any particles that mayhave been plugging the casing perforations I0, or any loose materialsbehind the casing string are flushed upwardly along the exterior of thecasing to a point above the packing cup, where they `can re-enter thecasing through the perforations IU and flow upwardly through thetubing-casing annulus to the top of the well bore. Sufcient pressurevcan be applied to the fluid to insure thorough cleaning of theperforations l0. It is .to be noted that the packing cup 32 preventsflow of fluid between the outer body 28 and casing A; while theupwardly. seating valve member 43l closes the bypass 30 against ,upwardpassage of 4fluid.V The only course that the washing liquid can ,pursueis the one described above, namely, out through the perforations Il)below the packing 32, up along the exterior of ythe casing string, andback into the casing through the perforations I0 above the packing cup32.

. After a lower section of perforations is cleaned,

the tool may be elevated and the next adjacent group of perforationscleaned in the foregoing manner until the entire perforated casingsection has been thoroughly washed. The washer is now removed from thewell bore, its elevation :being unhampered by the liquid in the wellcasing since such liquid can flow downwardly through the bypass 30,unseating Ythe valve 43y against the Vvaction of the spring 62, some ofthe liquid also flowing downwardly around the exterior of the packingcup 32. It is evident that' the by-pass valve is in the nature ofVacheck valve, or one-way valve, allowing relative downward passage ofiluid through the by-pass merely as an incident of elevating the tubingvstring B and without the necessity for otherwise manipulating the tubingstring to effect opening or closing of the by-pass 30. A modif-led formofV by-pass valve-.device is shown. inFig. 7, in which itis kdesired `toinsure against plugging of the passage 30 by detritus, rubber particles,or otherr foreign substances in the well bore.

In this form of the invention, av spider, having an inner sleeve portion36a mounted on the inner body 21 and spaced lugs 31a engaging the flaredsleeve 34a, is welded to the inner body 21 bysuitable. welding material10. The lower ends of the spaced sleeves 36a, 34a are rounded or beveledto. form lconcentric valveA -seats 41a adapted to be engaged by anannular at rubber valve sealing element 46a secured to the valve head43a by cap screws 41 and washers 1I. The space 12 between the valve headseal 46a and seats 41a is screened by a cylindrical perforated member 13attached to the valve head 43a in any suitable manner, as by the screws45 securing the valve head to the depending sleeve 44.y This `screenextends upwardly for engagement with the periphery 14 of the flaredsleeve 34a, the engagement being maintained at all times.

Itis evident that any fluid passing upwardly` through the by-pass mustflow through the screen 113, whose perforations 15 are small enough toprevent large size particles from passing into the by-pass and possiblyplug it. In allwother respects, the valvemechanism functions in the samemanner as the other form of the device.

The `inventor claims:v f 1. In apparatus of the character described: awell packer adapted to be set in a conduit string positioned in a wellbore; a perforation washer detachably secured to said packer, saidwasher having a conduit `engaging packing element and a by-pass aroundsaid element, said by-pass having a valve seat; said washer having valvemeans engageable with said seat; means engageable with said valve meansvand disposed normally in a position holding it off said seat; and meansoperatively connected to said holding means and washer to hold saidholding means in said position and movable by said washer, upon movementof said washer to disconnect said washer from said packer, to shift saidholding ymeans to another position allowing said valve means to engagesaid seat.

l 2. In apparatus of thecharacter described: a first wellpacker adaptedto be set in a conduit string positionedV ina well bore; a second wellpacker above salid'flrst packer adapted to be lowered in said conduitstring on a tubular runningin string for sealing engagement with theconduit string; means `detachably connecting said second packer to saidfirst packer; said second packer .having a packing element engageablewith said conduit string and a by-pass around said packing element, saidby-pass having a valve seat;` valve means movable to and from said seatto control fluid flow through said by-.pass; and means operativelyconnected to said valve means to hold said valve means in a` positionoff its seat .and responsive to rotation of said tubular string indisconnecting said second packer from said rst packer for eiectingshifting of said valve .means to another position Vin engagement withsaid seat to'close said Icy-pass'.

- 3.A In apparatus of the character described: a first well packeradapted to be set in a conduit string positioned in a well bore; asecondfwell packer above said rst packer adapted to be lowered in saidconduit string on a tubular running-in string for sealing engagementwith the conduit string; means detachably connecting said second packerto said first packer, rotation of said second YPackerrelativeto Said rSPacker,

disconnecting it from said first packer; saidasecond' packer having apacking element engageable. with said conduit string and a by-passaroundI said packing element, said by-pass having a valve seat; valvemeans movableto and from saidV seat to control fluid ow through saidby-pass; and means operatively connected to said valve means to holdsaid valve means in a position off its seat and responsive to rotationof said tubular string and second packer for effecting longitudinalshifting of said valve means to another position in. engagement withsaid seat to close said ley-pass.

4. In apparatus of the character described: aA rst well packer ,adaptedto be set in a conduit string positioned in a well bore; a second wellpacker above said iirst packer adapted to be lowered in said conduitstring on a tubular running-in string for sealing engagement with theconduit string; means detachably connecting said second` packer to saidrst packer, rotation of said second packer relative to said rst packerdisconnecting said second packer from said iirst packer; said secondpacker having a packing element engageable with said conduit string and,a by-pass around said packing element, said bypass having a valve seat;valve means movable to and from said seat to control fluid now throughsaid by-pass; conduit engaging meansengageable with said valve means andnormally disposed in a position holding said valve means in openposition; and means operatively connected to said conduit engaging meansand second packer to hold said conduit engaging means in said positionand for shifting said conduit engaging means to another positionpermitting movement of said valve means into engagement with said seatto close said by-pass upon rotation oi said second packer in eiectingdisconnection of said second packer from said iirst packer.

', In apparatus of the character-described: an

outer tubular member adapted to bepositioned in a well conduit string; apacking on said member for sealing with the well conduit; an innertubular member spaced from said outer member to form a by-pass aroundsaid packing, said bypass having a valve seat; a valve member on saidinner member movable upwardly into engagement with said seat to closesaid by-pass; means engageable with said conduit string and valve memberand normally disposed in .a position holding said valve member in openposition with respect to said seat; and means providing an axial caminterconnection between said holding means and inner tubular member tohold said holding means in said position and to enablev rotation of saidinner tubular member relative tosaid holding means to shift said holdingmeans relatively longitudinally along said inner tubular member toanother position permitting said valve. member to engage said seat andclose said bypass.

6. In apparatus of the character described: tubular means adapted forconnection to a tubular string for running said tubular means in a wellconduit; a packing on .said tubular means for sealing with the wellconduit; said tubular means having a bly-pass extending around saidpacking, said by-pass having a valve seat; valve means on said tubularmeans for controlling fluid ilow through said by-pass; means engageableWith said valve means and normally disposed. in a position holding saidvalve means in open position; and means providing an axial camrinterconnection between said holdingmeans and tubular means to holdsaidv holding meansin saidposition and to enable rotation of saidtubular means relative to said holding means to produce shifting of saidholding means relatively longitudinally along said tubular means to.another position allowing said valvemeans to engage said seat and closesaid bypass.

7. In apparatus of the character described: tubular means .adapted forconnection to a tubular string for running said tubular means in a wellconduit; a packing on said tubular means for sealing with the wellconduit; said tubular means having a by-pass extending around saidpacking, said by-pass having a valve seat; a valve member slidable alongsaid tubrular means for controlling fluid llow through said by-pass;means engageable with said well conduit and valve member and normallydisposed in a position holding said valve member in open position withrespect to said seat; and means providing an axial caminterconnectionbetween said holding means and tubular means to hold saidholding means in said position and to enable rotation of said tubularmeans relative to said holding means to produce shifting of said holdingmeans relatively longitudinally along said tubular means to anotherposition allowing said valve member to engage said seat and close saidby-pass.

8. In apparatus of the character described: tubular means adapted forconnection to a tubular string for running said tubular means in a wellconduit; a packing on said tubular means for sealing with the Wellconduit; said tubular means having a by-pass extending around saidpacking, said by-pass having a valve seat; a valve member movableupwardly along said tubular means into engagement with said seat toclose said by-pass; a drag device engageable with said valve member andnormally disposed in a position holding it in a position opening saidby-pass; and means providing an axial cam interconnection between saiddrag device and tubular means to hold said drag device in said positionand to enable rotation of said tubular means relative to said dragdevice to produce shifting of said drag device relatively longitudinallyalong saiclA tubular means to another position allowing said valvemember to engage said seat and close said by-pass.

9. In apparatus of the character described: tubular means adapted forconnection to a tubular string for running said tubular means in a wellconduit; a packing on said tubular means for sealing with the wellconduit; said tubular means having a -by-pass extending around saidpacking, said by-pass. having a valve seat; a valve member slidablealong said tubular means; spring means around said tubular means forurging said valve member upwardly into engagement with said valve seatto close said by-pass; means engageable with said valve member andnormally disposed in a position holding said valve member in openposition with respect to said valve seat; and coengaging threaded meanson said tubular means and holding means for relai, tively shifting saidholding means longitudinally of Said tubular means to another positionupon rotation of said tubular means relative to said holding means,thereby allowing said spring means to shift said Valve member intoengagement with said valve seat.

10. In apparatus ofV the character described: tubular means adapt'ediorvconnection to a tubular string for running said tubular means in a Wellconduit; a packingon said tubular means for sealing withthe wellconduit; said tubular means having aby-pass extending around saidpacking, said by-pass having a valve seat; a valve member slidable alongsaid tubular means; spring means around said tubular means for urgingsaid valve member upwardly into engagement with said valve seat to closesaid by-pass; means engageable with said valve member and conduit stringand normally disposed in a position holding said valve member in openposition; and means providing an axial cam interconnection between saidholding means and tubular means to hold said holding means in saidposition and to enable rotation of said tubular meansrelative to saidholding means to shift said holding means relatively longitudinallyalong said tubular means to another position allowing movement of saidvalve member intoengagement with said seat to close said by-pass. Y

ll. In apparatus of the character described: tubular means adaptedconnection to a tubular string for running said tubular means in la wellconduit; a packing on said tubular means for .sealing with the wellconduit; said tubular means having a by-pass extending around saidpacking, said by-pass having a valve seat; a valve member slidable alongsaid tubular means; spring means around said tubular means for urgingsaid valve member upwardly into engagement with said seat to close saidby-pass; means engageable with said valve member and conduit string forholding said valve member off said seat and in open position; andcoengaging threaded means on said tubular means and holding means forrelatively shifting said holding means longitudinally to ineectiveposition upon rotation of said tubular means, thereby allowing saidspring means to shift said valve member into engagement with said seatto close said by-pass.

l2. In apparatus of the character described: tubular means adapted forconnection to a tubular running-in string; a packing on said tubularmeans for sealing with the well conduit; said tubular means having aby-pass extending around said packing, said rIcy-pass having a valveseat; a valve member slidable along said tubular means; spring meansaround said tubular means for urging said valve member upwardly intoengagement with said seat to close said by-pass; a drag device includingan upper collar engageable with said valve member for holding said valvemember on' its seat and in open position, a lower drag collar andoutwardly bowed springs connected to said collars and frictionallyengageable with said well conduit, said lower drag collar beinginternally threaded; and a member fixed to rotate with said tubularmeans and threadedly engaging said lower drag collar, whereby rotationof said tubular string will, effect relative shifting of said dragdevice longitudinally of said tubular means to render said upper dragcollar ineffective to hold said upper valve member off its seat.

13. In apparatus of the character described: a first well packer adaptedto be set in a conduit string positioned in a well bore; a second wellpacker above said first packer adapted to be lowered in said conduit Ystring on a tubular running-in string for sealing engagement with theconduit string; means providing a detachable left-hand threadedconnection between said packers; said second packer having a packingelement engageable with said conduit string and a by-pass around saidpacking element, said bypass having a valve seat; valve means movable toand from said seat to control iluid flow through said by-pass; meansengageable with said valve means and normally disposed in a positionholding said valve means in open position with respect to said seat; andmeans engaging said holding means to hold said holding means in saidposition and responsive to rotation of said tubular string inunthreading said second packer from said first packer for shifting saidholding means to another position allowing said valve means to engagesaid seat and close said by-pass.

14. In apparatus of the character described: a iirst well packer adaptedto be set in a conduit string positioned in a well bore; a second wellpacker above said rst packer adapted to be lowered in said conduitstring on a tubular runningin string for sealing engagement with theconduit string; means detachably connecting said second packer to saidrst packer; said second packer having a packing element engageable withsaid conduit string and a by-pass around said packing element, saidby-pass having a valve seat; a valve member on said second packermovable upwardly into engagement with said seat to close said by-pass;means engageable with said conduit string and valve member and normallydisposed in a position holding said valve member in a lower and openposition with respect to said seat; and means engaging said holdingmeans to hold said holding means in said position and responsive torotation of said tubular string in disconnecting said second packer fromsaid iirst packer for shifting said holding means to another positionallowing said valve means to move upwardly into engagement with saidseat to close said bypass.

l5. In apparatus of the character described; a well packer adapted to beset in a conduit string positioned in a well bore; a perforation washerdetachably secured to said packer, said washer having a, conduitengaging packing element and a by-pass around said packing element, saidbypass having a valve seat; said washer having valve means movablelongitudinally into and out of engagement with said seat; meansengageable with said valve means and disposed normally in a positionholding it off said seat; and means operatively connected to saidholding means and washer to hold said holding means in said position andmovable longitudinally by said washer, upon movement of said washer todisconnect said washer from said packer, to shift said holding meanslongitudinally to another position allowing said valve means to movelongitudinally into engagement with said seat.

16. In apparatus of the character described: a rst well packer adaptedto be set in a conduit string positioned in a well bore; a second wellpacker above said iirst packer adapted to be lowered in said conduitstring on a tubular running-in string for sealing engagement with theconduit string; means detachably connecting said second packer to saidfirst packer, rotation of said second packer relative to said iirstpacker disconnecting it from said iirst packer; said second packerhaving a packing element engageable with said conduit and a by-passaround said packing element, said by-pass having a valve seat; valvemeans movable axially to and from said seat to control fluid flowthrough said bypass; conduit engaging means engageable with said valvemeans and normally disposed in a position holding said valve meanslongitudinally spaced from said seat to maintain said by-pass in opencondition; and means operatively con- 1 l nected to said conduitengaging* means and second packer to hold said conduit engaging means insaid position and for shifting said conduit engaging means axially toanother position permitting axial movement of said valvevmeans intoengagement with said seat upon rotation of said second packer ineffecting disconnection of said second packer from said rst packer.

17. In apparatus of the character described: a first Well packer adaptedto be set in a conduit string positioned in a Well bore; a second wellpacker above said iirst packer adapted to be lowered in said conduitstring on a tubular runningin string for sealing engagement with theconduit string; means providing a detachable left-hand threadedconnection between said packers; said second packer having a packingelement engage# able with said conduit string and a by-pass around saidpacking element, said by-passl having a valve seat; valve means movablelengthwise of the axis of said seat and to and from said seat to controlfluid flow through said by-pass; means engageable with said valve meansfor holding said valve means axially,r inopenY positionwith respect torsaid seat; and means engaging said holding means to hold saidholdingrneans in a position holding saidl valve means openVand-responsive to rotation of the tubular running-in string inunthreading said second packer from said first packer for shifting saidholding means-axially to another position allowing said valve means tomove axially into engagement with said seat to close said bypass.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,992,933 Baker etal. Mar. 5, 1935 2,048,136 OConnor July 21,1936 2,275,938 Baker Mar. 10, 1942 2,326,940 Granger Aug. 17, 19432,390,112 McGaiey Dec. 4, 1945 2,402,886" Granger June 25, 19462,404,876 Granger July 30, 1946 2,577,068 Baker Dec. 4, 1951

